The pads are nylon plates suspended by straps and high density foam. The shirts (jerseys) are tear-away webbed polyester to allow free air flow.
Quarterbacks (the guys who run the offense) have extra foam pads over the ribs & kidneys (the "flak jacket" extension) because they can get hit by well over half a ton of helmeted humanity moving at warp speed. Instituted because of several career-ending injuries, and close calls.
Linemen and backs have less extensive coverage. Other foam nylon pads are used on the thighs, knees and hips to reduce bruising due to helmet hits.
Helmets are there because of the violence of the sport, and even with them concussions are still a problem that has ended careers.
You may think rugby is violent, but you haven't been hit by blitzing defensive line. Severe, even fatal and disabling, injuries are all too common even with this gear. Without it someone would likely get killed every other week.
"Regular" pads

Quarterback w/flak jacket


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